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1.
Int J Mol Cell Med ; 11(2): 168-179, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2302722

RESUMEN

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting mechanism depends on hosting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as essential components and androgens as regulators for inducing the expression of these components. Therefore, hyperandrogenism-related disease such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in insulin resistant women in reproductive-age is a high-risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we describe the signaling pathways that might increase the susceptibility and severity of this new pandemic in PCOS women with insulin resistance (IR). Luteinizing hormone and insulin increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients via the induction of steroidogenic enzymes expression through cAMP-response element binding protein and Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), respectively. TMPRSS2 expression is activated through phosphorylation of FOXO1 in ovaries. In other words, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with temporary IR by affecting ACE2 and disturbing ß-pancreatic function. Therefore, PCOS, IR, and SARS-CoV-2 infection are three corners of the triangle that have complicated relations, and their association might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity.

2.
Infect Genet Evol ; 88: 104669, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1065472

RESUMEN

Members of Coronaviridae family have been the source of respiratory illnesses. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that produced a severe lung disease in afflicted patients in China and other countries was the reason for the incredible attention paid toward this viral infection. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on TMPRSS2 activity for entrance and subsequent infection of the host cells and TMPRSS2 is a host cell molecule that is important for the spread of viruses such as coronaviruses. Different factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer, including older age, a family history of the disease. Androgen receptor (AR) initiates a transcriptional cascade which plays a serious role in both normal and malignant prostate tissues. TMPRSS2 protein is highly expressed in prostate secretory epithelial cells, and its expression is dependent on androgen signals. One of the molecular signs of prostate cancer is TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. In TMPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancers different patterns of changed gene expression can be detected. The possible molecular relation between fusion positive prostate cancer patients and the increased risk of lethal respiratory viral infections especially SARS-CoV-2 can candidate TMPRSS2 as an attractive drug target. The studies show that some molecules such as nicotinamide, PARP1, ETS and IL-1R can be studied deeper in order to control SARS-CoV-2 infection especially in prostate cancer patients. This review attempts to investigate the possible relation between the gene expression pattern that is produced through TMPRSS2-ERG fusion positive prostate cancer and the possible influence of these fluctuations on the pathogenesis and development of viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.


Asunto(s)
Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genética , Anciano , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , Dihidrotestosterona/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/virología , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética , Internalización del Virus
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